[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Publication Ethics::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
For Reviewers::
Registration::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
::
Copyright
..
Open Access
..
COPE
..
Digital Object Identifier
 
..
:: Volume 1, Issue 4 (Interdisciplinary Legal Research, Jan 2020) ::
ILR 2020, 1(4): 61-75 Back to browse issues page
Challenges between Access to Medicine and Pharmaceutical Patents
Hamid Azizi Moradpour1 , Mohammadreza Irannezhad 2
1- Researcher in Intellectual Property, Iran
2- Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
Abstract:   (1993 Views)
Background and Aim: Since pharmaceutical patents have been recognized, there have been challenges between them and the right of access to Medicine. From one hand, the interests of inventors and pharmaceutical firms, and from other hand, the right of access to medicine specially for the people who live in developing or law developed countries, has forced global Organizations to find a solution for this problem.  Because of this reason, international Conventions and Agreements have predicted solutions to help developing countries considering provisions for access to medicine. The aim of this research is a study of Challenges between Access to Medicine and Pharmaceutical Patents and offering solutions applied to make balance between these rights.
Materials and Methods: The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical.
Ethical Considerations: Ethical considerations regarding the writing of texts as well as references to sources were observed.
Findings: Pandemic diseases lead to a Crisis. People all over the world are anxiously following the efforts that are being exerted by scientists whose prime aim is to find (invent) a curative medicine. The challenges between pharmaceutical patents and the right of access to medicine as a human right, have been always a problem for Critics and developing Countries, but due to their legal status, it is impossible to prefer one which stems from Intellectual Property Right and omit another one which stems from human right.
Conclusion: In conflict between right to health and patent, compulsory License, parallel import, Bolar exception, Waiver Decision and adjust and control the price can be noted.
Keywords: Access to Medicine, Right to Health, Patent, TRIPS, Compulsory License
Full-Text [PDF 1104 kb]   (807 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2020/11/3 | Revised: 2021/01/22 | Accepted: 2020/12/7 | Published: 2021/01/1
References
1. Abasi M, Rezaei R & Dehghani G (1393). "The Concept and Place of the Right to Health in Iran legal System". Journal of medical law, 30(2):138-146. (Persian)
2. Chorev, N & Shadlen, K (2015).»Intellectual Property, Access to Medicine, and Health«. New Research Horizon, 50(2):143-156. [DOI:10.1007/s12116-015-9182-6]
3. Congressional Research Service (2020). COVID-19: International Trade and Access to Pharmaceutical Products. Available on: https://crsreports.congress.gov/ (Last visit: 2020)
4. Helfer, L (2003). »Human Rights and Intellectual Property: Conflict or Coexistence?«. Minnesota Intellectual Property Review, 5(1):47-61. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.459120]
5. Hoen, E (2002). »TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines«. Chicago Journal for International Law, 3(1):39-67.
6. Joo-Young J & Paul H (2012) .»Human Rights Responsibilities of Pharmaceutical Companies in Relation to Access to Medicines«. J.L. Med. & Ethics, 40(22):220-233. [DOI:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2012.00660.x]
7. Khedmatgozar, M (1391). Philosophy of Intellectual Property. 2nd ed. Tehran: Mizan Publishing. (Persian)
8. M. Ho, C (2007). »A New World Order for Addressing Patent Rights and Public Health«. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 82(3):1470-1515.
9. Management Science for Health (2012). Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines. Available on: https://www.msh.org/resources/mds-3-managing-access-to-medicines-and-health-technologies. (Last visit: 2020)
10. Mirhosseini, SH (1395). Patents Law. 2nd ed. Tehran: Mizan Publishing. (Persian)
11. Monfared, M (1394). "Conflict of Pharmaceutical Patents and Protection of Human Rights; Legal Interpretation of Article 27 of TRIPS Agreement". Journal of medical law, 6(0):151-187. (Persian)
12. Nazemi, N (1397). "The encounter between Access to Medicine and the right of pharmaceutical patents in the light of TRIPS Agreement". The Conference of global modern achievements in the field of education, Psychology, Law and sociocultural studies.(Persian)
13. Niavarani, S & Javid E (1395). "The right of Access to Essential Medicines in the Frame of TRIPS Agreement and the Challenge of Protection of the International Human Right to Health«. Journal of international Law, 54:29-58. (Persian)
14. Rimmer, M (2004). »The Race to Patent the Sars Virus: The Trips Agreement and Access to Essential Medicines«. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 5 (2):335-374.
15. WHO (2017). Advancing the Right to Health: the Vital Role of Law. Available on: https://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/knowledge. (Last visit: 2020)
16. Wu, C (2012). »Transnational Pharmaceutical Corporations' Legal and Moral Human Rights Responsibilities in Relation to Access to Medicines«. Asian Journal of WTO and International Health Law and Policy, 7(1):77-142.
17. Sadeghi, M (1388).» Protection of pharmaceutival Patents and the Challenges of human rights«. Journal of Law, law and political sciences, 39 (3):193-215. (Persian)
18. Sheikhi, M (1385). "The Challenges of Intellectual Property Rights in the Health Field". Journal of social welfare, 5(20): 61-82. (Persian)
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA



XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Azizi Moradpour H, Irannezhad M. Challenges between Access to Medicine and Pharmaceutical Patents. ILR 2020; 1 (4) :61-75
URL: http://ilrjournal.ir/article-1-62-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 1, Issue 4 (Interdisciplinary Legal Research, Jan 2020) Back to browse issues page
فصلنامه علمی تخصصی پژوهش‌های حقوقی میان‌رشته‌ای The Quarterly Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Research
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.06 seconds with 44 queries by YEKTAWEB 4645