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Development in the Law of International Watercourses
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Seyed Reza Ehsanpour    |
| Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran. |
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Abstract: (230 Views) |
Background and Aim: The sustainable management of freshwater resources is one of the most critical global challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, where water scarcity is acute. Among key challenges are the lack of renewable water resources, imbalanced distribution, water pollution, and the consequences of over-construction of dams and barriers. This article focuses on the evolution of international water law, particularly with respect to the Helsinki Conference (1966) and the 1997 United Nations Convention. It aims to explore how these legal frameworks address challenges involving shared water resources while adapting to environmental and climate changes. The primary goal is to analyze the legal and practical mechanisms for equitable use while resolving disputes in international waterways.
Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study.
Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles governing research have been observed in the presentation of this Translation.
Findings: The findings indicate that international legal frameworks established by the Helsinki Conference and the 1997 Convention have laid a foundation for balancing the fair and reasonable utilization of shared water resources. They encompass principles like pollution prevention, environmental preservation, and fostering international cooperation among riparian states. Despite their effectiveness, challenges such as mismatched political interests, enforcement difficulties, and the need for updating these frameworks in the face of climate change remain persistent obstacles.
Conclusion: The research concludes that effective management of shared international waterways requires robust cooperation mechanisms, including joint institutions tasked with oversight. Adaptive legal strategies must address modern challenges such as environmental conservation and the socioeconomic needs of affected populations. The study recommends enhancing international collaboration, drafting practical frameworks for dispute resolution, and redefining key principles in light of global environmental pressures. The article emphasizes future developments in water law as critical to addressing pressing issues like environmental sustainability, equitable resource distribution, and regional cooperation. |
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| Keywords: International Law, International Waterways, Helsinki Conference, 1997 Convention, Water Resource Management, Environmental Protection, International Cooperation. |
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Full-Text [PDF 554 kb]
(95 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/05/15 | Revised: 2023/07/15 | Accepted: 2023/07/25 | Published: 2023/09/23
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