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Validation and Legal Function of Internet Contracts in Iranian Law
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Reyhaneh Mobasher Amini1   , Meghadad Ebrahimi Koushali2 , Seyed Alireza Mirheydari Langroudi3 |
1- M.A Student in Private Law, Department of Law, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran |
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Abstract: (12 Views) |
The expansion of electronic commerce and the rapid development of communication technologies have transformed Internet contracts into principal instruments of commercial transactions. Despite their recognition within the Iranian legal system, significant legal ambiguities remain regarding their validity, verification of essential contractual elements, authentication and legal capacity of contracting parties, establishment of genuine intention and consent, legitimacy of contractual purpose, and remedies for contractual breach. This study examines the legal criteria governing the validity of Internet contracts and analyzes their legal functions in light of general principles of contract law and the Iranian Electronic Commerce Act. It investigates the legal foundations of Internet contracts, assesses the applicability of essential contractual requirements in electronic environments, evaluates their practical functions in commercial relations, and analyzes enforcement mechanisms applicable to breaches of contractual obligations. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology based on library research, statutory provisions, judicial practices, and doctrinal opinions, the study finds that Internet contracts possess full legal validity when the essential requirements for contract validity are satisfied and do not differ fundamentally from traditional contracts. Nevertheless, the electronic environment creates challenges concerning identity verification, proof of contractual intention, admissibility of electronic evidence, and allocation of liability for contractual breaches. The findings demonstrate that effective implementation of electronic commerce regulations, reliable digital identity verification mechanisms, and strengthened electronic evidentiary frameworks can enhance legal certainty, reduce transactional risks, and improve the effectiveness of contractual remedies. Accordingly, developing a coherent legal infrastructure is essential for strengthening trust, predictability, and security in electronic commercial transactions within Iran.
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Article number: 2 |
| Keywords: Internet Contracts, Contract Validity, Electronic Commerce, Contractual Remedies. |
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Full-Text [PDF 651 kb]
(7 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/08/24 | Revised: 2026/10/7 | Accepted: 2026/10/24 | Published: 2026/12/22
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